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<h1 class="post-title"><span class=".zh">Arduino中[]=重载导致的String调用问题</span><span class=".en" hidden>String call problem caused by []= overload in Arduino</span> |
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</h1> |
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2019-07-21 |
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<a href="/categories/tech/">tech</a> |
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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#情况一"><span class="toc-text">情况一</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#情况二"><span class="toc-text">情况二</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#综述"><span class="toc-text">综述</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Situation-One"><span class="toc-text">Situation One</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Situation-Two"><span class="toc-text">Situation Two</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Summary"><span class="toc-text">Summary</span></a></li></ol> |
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<script>var arr = [];var ts = '';if($('.post-toc-content').children().length>1){var el = '.post-toc-content';ts = ($(el).children('ol')[0].outerHTML);}else{var el = '.toc';};for(var i = 0; i < $(el).children('li').length; i++){arr.push($(el).children('li')[i].outerHTML);}; arr.splice(arr.length / 2, 0, '</span><span class=".en">');arr.unshift(ts);arr.unshift('<span class=".zh">');arr.push('</span>');$(el).html(arr.join(''));</script><div class="post-content"><span class=".zh"> |
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<p>最近在物联网开发中使用Arduino搭建LoRa网关和节点，发现在调用String时总遇到一些奇奇怪怪的现象。经过排查，发现是由于其它地方[]=运算符的重载所导致。</p> |
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<span class=".en"> |
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<p>Recently, I have used Arduino to build LoRa gateways and nodes in the development of the Internet of Things, and I found that some strange phenomena are always encountered when calling String. After investigation, it was found that it was caused by overloading of the []= operator elsewhere.</p> |
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<p>为了方便，在开发节点时，我们使用了<a href="https://github.com/iotcat/lora-socket" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LoRa-Socket</a>和<a href="https://arduinojson.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ArduinoJSON</a>作为依赖。我们发现这两个依赖分别使用时表现良好，但如果在同一个项目文件中使用，则会导致一些怪异的问题。</p> |
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<h2 id="情况一"><a href="#情况一" class="headerlink" title="情况一"></a>情况一</h2><p>通过指针调用函数时String参数传递异常。代码如下：</p> |
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<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> _onReceived(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& msg, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& from, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& to, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& type){</span><br><span class="line"> (*_f)(msg, from, to, type);</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> |
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<p>在这个案例中，我们发现msg等String在此函数中的数值是一切正常的，可是却没有能够成功传递到_f中。经过一系列骚操作，我们得出如下结论：</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>发现如果将String换成int或其它类型，则参数传递至_f一切正常。有问题的只有String和char类型。</li> |
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<li>我们尝试过将String转换为其它类型，再转回，但是没有效果。</li> |
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<li>String或char类型全局变量的声明会使单片机崩溃。</li> |
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<li>当我们将ArduinoJSON依赖删去，String参数的传递则一切正常。</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p>我们从而可以得出，这种怪异现象是由于与ArduinoJSON包的冲突所致。</p> |
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<h2 id="情况二"><a href="#情况二" class="headerlink" title="情况二"></a>情况二</h2><p>在使用<a href="https://github.com/tomstewart89/Vector" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ArduinoVector</a>制作String类型Vector时，我们也发现了String类型的不稳定现象。神奇的是，这种现象只出现在String的使用中，其它如int类型运作良好。</p> |
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<p>这些不稳定现象可以总结如下：</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>赋值时被截断</li> |
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<li>String值局部乱序</li> |
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<li>String值部分乱码</li> |
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<li>作为参数传给函数时会失败，读取出来是空(与案例一类似)</li> |
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</ul> |
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<h2 id="综述"><a href="#综述" class="headerlink" title="综述"></a>综述</h2><p>通过上述两个案例，我们可以初步总结出，这是由于[]=赋值运算符的重载与String有冲突。只要使用[]=重新定义String，即有可能出现String怪异的问题。</p> |
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<span class=".en"> |
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<p>For convenience, we used <a href="https://github.com/iotcat/lora-socket" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LoRa-Socket</a> and <a href="https://arduinojson.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ArduinoJSON</a> as dependencies when developing nodes. We found that these two dependencies perform well when used separately, but if used in the same project file, it will cause some weird problems.</p> |
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<h2 id="Situation-One"><a href="#Situation-One" class="headerlink" title="Situation One"></a>Situation One</h2><p>When calling a function through a pointer, the String parameter passing is abnormal. code show as below:</p> |
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<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> _onReceived(<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& msg, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& from, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& to, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>& type){</span><br><span class="line"> (*_f)(msg, from, to, type);</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> |
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|
<p>In this case, we found that the value of msg and other String in this function is all normal, but it was not successfully passed to _f. After a series of Sao operations, we come to the following conclusions:</p> |
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<ul> |
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|
<li>Found that if you change String to int or other types, the parameters passed to _f are all normal. Only the String and char types are problematic.</li> |
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|
<li>We tried to convert String to other types, and then back, but to no avail.</li> |
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<li>The declaration of global variables of type String or char will crash the microcontroller.</li> |
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<li>When we delete the ArduinoJSON dependency, the passing of String parameters is normal.</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
<p>We can conclude that this strange phenomenon is caused by the conflict with the ArduinoJSON package.</p> |
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|
<h2 id="Situation-Two"><a href="#Situation-Two" class="headerlink" title="Situation Two"></a>Situation Two</h2><p>When using <a href="https://github.com/tomstewart89/Vector" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ArduinoVector</a> to make a String type Vector, we also discovered the instability of the String type. The magic is that this phenomenon only occurs in the use of String, other types such as int work well.</p> |
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<p>These instabilities can be summarized as follows:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>Truncated during assignment</li> |
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<li>String values are locally out of order</li> |
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<li>Part of the String value is garbled</li> |
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<li>It will fail when passed as a parameter to the function, and it will be empty (similar to case 1)</li> |
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</ul> |
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<h2 id="Summary"><a href="#Summary" class="headerlink" title="Summary"></a>Summary</h2><p>Through the above two cases, we can preliminarily conclude that this is due to the conflict between the overload of the []= assignment operator and String. As long as you use []= to redefine String, string weird problems may occur.</p> |
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path: window.location.pathname, |
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enableQQ: true, |
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visitor: true, |
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emojiCDN: '//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/emote/', |
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emojiMaps: { |
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"tv_doge": "6ea59c827c414b4a2955fe79e0f6fd3dcd515e24.png", |
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"tv_亲亲": "a8111ad55953ef5e3be3327ef94eb4a39d535d06.png", |
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"tv_偷笑": "bb690d4107620f1c15cff29509db529a73aee261.png", |
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"tv_再见": "180129b8ea851044ce71caf55cc8ce44bd4a4fc8.png", |
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"tv_冷漠": "b9cbc755c2b3ee43be07ca13de84e5b699a3f101.png", |
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"tv_发怒": "34ba3cd204d5b05fec70ce08fa9fa0dd612409ff.png", |
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"tv_发财": "34db290afd2963723c6eb3c4560667db7253a21a.png", |
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"tv_可爱": "9e55fd9b500ac4b96613539f1ce2f9499e314ed9.png", |
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"tv_吐血": "09dd16a7aa59b77baa1155d47484409624470c77.png", |
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"tv_呆": "fe1179ebaa191569b0d31cecafe7a2cd1c951c9d.png", |
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"tv_呕吐": "9f996894a39e282ccf5e66856af49483f81870f3.png", |
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"tv_困": "241ee304e44c0af029adceb294399391e4737ef2.png", |
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"tv_坏笑": "1f0b87f731a671079842116e0991c91c2c88645a.png", |
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"tv_大佬": "093c1e2c490161aca397afc45573c877cdead616.png", |
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"tv_大哭": "23269aeb35f99daee28dda129676f6e9ea87934f.png", |
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"tv_委屈": "d04dba7b5465779e9755d2ab6f0a897b9b33bb77.png", |
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"tv_害羞": "a37683fb5642fa3ddfc7f4e5525fd13e42a2bdb1.png", |
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"tv_尴尬": "7cfa62dafc59798a3d3fb262d421eeeff166cfa4.png", |
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"tv_微笑": "70dc5c7b56f93eb61bddba11e28fb1d18fddcd4c.png", |
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"tv_思考": "90cf159733e558137ed20aa04d09964436f618a1.png", |
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"tv_惊吓": "0d15c7e2ee58e935adc6a7193ee042388adc22af.png", |
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"tv_打脸": "56ab10b624063e966bfcb76ea5dc4794d87dfd47.png", |
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"tv_抓狂": "fe31c08edad661d63762b04e17b8d5ae3c71a757.png", |
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"tv_抠鼻": "c666f55e88d471e51bbd9fab9bb308110824a6eb.png", |
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"tv_斜眼笑": "911f987aa8bc1bee12d52aafe62bc41ef4474e6c.png", |
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"tv_无奈": "ea8ed89ee9878f2fece2dda0ea8a5dbfe21b5751.png", |
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"tv_晕": "5443c22b4d07fb1907ccc610c8e6db254f2461b7.png", |
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"tv_流汗": "cead1c351ab8d79e9f369605beb90148db0fbed3.png", |
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"tv_流泪": "7e71cde7858f0cd50d74b0264aa26db612a8a167.png", |
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"tv_流鼻血": "c32d39db2737f89b904ca32700d140a9241b0767.png", |
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"tv_点赞": "f85c354995bd99e28fc76c869bfe42ba6438eff4.png", |
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"tv_生气": "26702dcafdab5e8225b43ffd23c94ac1ff932654.png", |
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"tv_生病": "8b0ec90e6b86771092a498c54f09fc94621c1900.png", |
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"tv_疑问": "0793d949b18d7be716078349c202c15ff166f314.png", |
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"tv_白眼": "c1d59f439e379ee50eef488bcb5e5378e5044ea4.png", |
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"tv_皱眉": "72ccad6679fea0d14cce648b4d818e09b8ffea2d.png", |
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"tv_目瞪口呆": "0b8cb81a68de5d5365212c99375e7ace3e7891b7.png", |
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"tv_睡着": "8b196675b53af58264f383c50ad0945048290b33.png", |
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"tv_笑哭": "1abc628f6d4f4caf9d0e7800878f4697abbc8273.png", |
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"tv_腼腆": "89712c0d4af73e67f89e35cbc518420380a7f6f4.png", |
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"tv_色": "61822c7e9aae5da76475e7892534545336b23a6f.png", |
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"tv_调侃": "4bc022533ef31544ca0d72c12c808cf4a1cce3e3.png", |
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"tv_调皮": "b9c41de8e82dd7a8515ae5e3cb63e898bf245186.png", |
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"tv_鄙视": "6e72339f346a692a495b123174b49e4e8e781303.png", |
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"tv_闭嘴": "c9e990da7f6e93975e25fd8b70e2e290aa4086ef.png", |
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"tv_难过": "87f46748d3f142ebc6586ff58860d0e2fc8263ba.png", |
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"tv_馋": "fc7e829b845c43c623c8b490ee3602b7f0e76a31.png", |
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"tv_鬼脸": "0ffbbddf8a94d124ca2f54b360bbc04feb6bbfea.png", |
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"tv_黑人问号": "45821a01f51bc867da9edbaa2e070410819a95b2.png", |
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"tv_鼓掌": "1d21793f96ef4e6f48b23e53e3b9e42da833a0f6.png" |
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// ... 更多表情 |
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} |
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}); |
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}); |
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}; |
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</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/ushio-js/ushio-footer.min.js"></script> |
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<script> |
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session.onload(function(){ |
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if(session.get('group') != 'anonymous'){ |
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function insertNick(){ |
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if($('.vnick').length){ |
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$('.vnick').val(session.get('nickname')); |
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}else{ |
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setTimeout(insertNick, 500); |
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} |
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} |
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function insertMail(){ |
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if($('.vmail').length){ |
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$('.vmail').val(session.get('email')); |
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}else{ |
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setTimeout(insertMail, 500); |
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} |
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} |
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if(session.get('nickname')){ |
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insertNick(); |
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} |
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if(session.get('email')){ |
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insertMail(); |
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} |
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} |
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}); |
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</script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/slideout/slideout.js"></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/iziToast/iziToast.min.js"></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/iziModal/iziModal.min.js"></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/mermaid/mermaid.min.js"></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/js/src/kayo.js?v=1.0.0" data-pjax></script> |
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/js/src/kayo-no-pjax.js?v=1.0.0"></script> |
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<script src="https://cdn.yimian.xyz/kayo/lib/pjax/pjax.min.js"></script> |
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<script>window.pjax = new Pjax({ |
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elements: 'a[href]:not([href^="#"]):not([href="javascript:void(0)"])', |
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selectors: ["head title, #main", "#footer"], |
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});/* lazyload */ |
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window.imageLazyLoadSetting = { |
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isSPA: false, |
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processImages: null, |
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}; |
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window.addEventListener("load",function(){var t=/\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|tiff|png)$/i,r=/^data:image\/[a-z]+;base64,/;Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img[data-original]")).forEach(function(a){var e=a.parentNode;"A"===e.tagName&&(e.href.match(t)||e.href.match(r))&&(e.href=a.dataset.original)})}); |
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/* 第一次载入页面加载的函数 */ |
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pjax_ini = () => { |
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/* 关闭侧边栏 */ |
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window.slideout.close(); |
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if(page_obj.comments == "true"){pjax_valine();}pjax_google_analytics();mermaid.init(undefined, $(".mermaid"));/* lazy load */ |
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!function(n){n.imageLazyLoadSetting.processImages=o;var i=n.imageLazyLoadSetting.isSPA,r=Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img[data-original]"));function o(){i&&(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img[data-original]")));for(var t,e,a=0;a<r.length;a++)t=r[a],e=void 0,0<=(e=t.getBoundingClientRect()).bottom&&0<=e.left&&e.top<=(n.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight)&&function(){var t,e,n,i,o=r[a];t=o,e=function(){r=r.filter(function(t){return o!==t})},n=new Image,i=t.getAttribute("data-original"),n.onload=function(){t.src=i,e&&e()},n.src=i}()}o(),n.addEventListener("scroll",function(){var t,e;t=o,e=n,clearTimeout(t.tId),t.tId=setTimeout(function(){t.call(e)},500)})}(this); |
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!function(){var t=/\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|tiff|png)$/i,r=/^data:image\/[a-z]+;base64,/;Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img[data-original]")).forEach(function(a){var e=a.parentNode;"A"===e.tagName&&(e.href.match(t)||e.href.match(r))&&(e.href=a.dataset.original)})}(); |
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}; |
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/* 第一次 执行 */ |
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pjax_ini();var loadingBar = document.querySelector(".loading-bar"); |
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var progress = document.querySelector(".loading-bar .progress"); |
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var timer = null; |
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// Pjax 开始时执行的函数 |
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var loadingbarStart = function () { |
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// 进度条默认已经加载 20% |
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var loadingBarWidth = 20; |
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// 进度条的最大增加宽度 |
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var MAX_LOADING_WIDTH = 95; |
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// 显示进度条 |
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loadingBar.classList.add("loading"); |
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// 初始化进度条的宽度 |
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progress.style.width = loadingBarWidth + "%"; |
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clearInterval(timer); |
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timer = setInterval(function () { |
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// 进度条的增加速度（可以改为一个随机值，显得更加真实） |
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loadingBarWidth += 3; |
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// 当进度条到达 95% 后停止增加 |
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if (loadingBarWidth > MAX_LOADING_WIDTH) { |
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loadingBarWidth = MAX_LOADING_WIDTH; |
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} |
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progress.style.width = loadingBarWidth + "%"; |
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}, 500); |
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}; |
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// Pjax 完成之后执行的函数 |
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var loadingbarStop = function () { |
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clearInterval(timer); |
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progress.style.width = "100%"; |
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loadingBar.classList.remove("loading"); |
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setTimeout(function () { |
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progress.style.width = 0; |
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}, 400); |
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};/* Pjax 开始时，重新加载的函数 */ |
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|
document.addEventListener("pjax:send", function () {loadingbarStart(); |
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|
}); |
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/* Pjax 完成后，重新加载的函数 */ |
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|
document.addEventListener("pjax:complete", function () { |
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/* 重载带data-pjax的script，或者.pjax-reload属性内容的script */ |
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$("script[data-pjax], .pjax-reload script").each(function () { |
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$(this).parent().append($(this).remove()); |
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}); |
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pjax_ini();loadingbarStop(); |
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page.tran.setLang(); |
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}); |
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/* Pjax 出错，执行的函数 */ |
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|
document.addEventListener("pjax:error", function () { |
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});</script> |
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</body> |
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</html>
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