ethicB

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ethic/reportA/ex_report.tex

@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ You have undertaken some consultancy work with a foreign company, under a scheme
 
 \subsubsection{Is Moral Useful In This Situation?}
 
-Although it is struggling to make a decision, one thing is clear that the behavior of accepting the scheme of the building company seems to be not moral. However, it is meaningful to argue that is the feeling of moral really useful in this situation. As the word 'moral' is defined with principles of right and wrong in behavior, it is suspectable that these principles which were developed during the past thousands of years can be not as suitable as we think in a few situations. The purpose of morality, from my understanding, is to benefit the society by regulating people's behavior beyond law. In this case which happens in a developing country, just make a decision basing on the feeling of moral is irresponsible.  
+Although it is struggling to make a decision, one thing is clear that the behavior of accepting the scheme of the building company seems to be not moral. However, it is meaningful to argue that is the feeling of moral really useful in this situation. As the word 'moral' is defined with the principles of right and wrong in behavior, it is suspectable that these principles which were developed during the past thousands of years can be not as suitable as what we think in a few situations. The purpose of morality, from my understanding, is to benefit the society by regulating people's behavior beyond law. In this case which happens in a developing country, just make a decision basing on the feeling of moral is irresponsible.
 
 \subsubsection{Behind The Normality of Cheating Fund}
 
-What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational. If the situation is really like what the manager said that the cheating behavior in local is general, it may indicate that the situation is not as simple as what we think. For example, what if the building company actually do not have the cash flow to pay the bill. Considered that this is a building company in a developing country, if we force them to pay the bill as deal, is it possible that the salary of hundreds of grassroots workers would be decreased or delayed, or even worse that the building company could be bankrupted and the workers lose their job. Another example, assume that if we do not get the other 50\% payment from the government fund, what could this money done rather than helping a local building company build hydroelectric dam. Is it possible that these money is risky to be corrupted because of the inefficient management of the central government.
+What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational. If the situation is really like what the manager said that the cheating behavior in local is general, it may indicate that the situation is not as simple as what we think. For example, what if the building company actually do not have the cash flow to pay the bill. Considered that this is a building company in a developing country, if we force them to pay the bill as deal, is it possible that the salary of hundreds of grassroots workers would be decreased or delayed, or even worse that the building company could be bankrupted and the workers may lose their job. Another example is that, assuming that if we do not get the other 50\% payment from the government fund, where could this money go rather than helping a local building company which built a hydroelectric dam to develop. Is it possible that these money is risky to be corrupted because of the inefficient management of the central government.
 
 \subsubsection{Gain and Pain for Sudobuild}
 
@@ -59,16 +59,16 @@ If accept the scheme, Sudobuild can get full paid on time but with shame of doin
 
 \subsubsection{Gain and Pain for Building Company}
 
-If accept the scheme, local building company can get consulting service with no extra payment and their cash flow can be managed as scheduled. However, if the Sudobuild do not accept the cheating plan, they could be painful on struggling the shortage of cash flow, which may cause a series of problem in the company.
+If accept the scheme, local building company can get consulting service with no extra payment and their cash flow can be managed as scheduled. However, if the Sudobuild do not accept the cheating plan, they could be painful on struggling the shortage of cash flow, which may cause a series of problem for the company.
 
 \subsubsection{Gain and Pain for Central Government}
 
-As the policy was made by government, but the implementation is conducted by the fund administrator. As I can not figure out a possible way that the administrator can get corrupted from giving more money to the local company, one explanation is that as the implementer, the administrator has more experience of this filed than policy maker, he thinks that give more money to local company than policy is helpful on promoting energy production facilities construction.
+The policy was made by government, but the implementation is conducted by the fund administrator. As I can not figure out a possible way that the administrator can get corrupted from giving more money to the local building company, one explanation is that as the implementer, the administrator has more experience in this filed than policy maker, he thinks that giving more money to the local company than just following what the policy ruled is more helpful on promoting energy production facilities construction.
 
 
 \subsection{Recommendation}
 
-Firstly, it is recommended to assess the cash flow of Sudobuild company and figure out the possible loss if 37.5\% of the bill is not be paid on time. Secondly, have a little investigation on the cash flow of the building company, assess whether they can afford the our payment and also the possible result (e.g. the delay of grassroots workers' salary). Thirdly, the source and direction of the government fund can be explored. It is also suggested to have a talk with the fund administrator if possible. Fourthly, if the cash situation of both sudobuild and building company can afford the loss, and the money in the fund can be more useful rather than invest us, just refuse the cheating fund behavior. Fifthly, if this kind of things happened just because of corruption, it is suggested to make use of local and international media to expose it to help the social development of this developing country.
+Firstly, it is recommended to assess the cash flow of Sudobuild company and figure out the possible loss if 37.5\% of the bill is not paid on time. Secondly, have a little investigation on the cash flow of the building company, assess whether they can afford the payment and also evaluate the possible result (e.g. the delay of grassroots workers' salary) and their social influence. Thirdly, the source and direction of the government fund need to be explored. It is also suggested to have a talk with the fund administrator if possible. Fourthly, if the cash situation of both sudobuild and the building company can afford the loss, and the money in the fund is more useful than benefiting the building company, just refuse the cheating fund scheme. Fifthly, if the cheating scheme happened just because of corruption, it is suggested to make use of local and international media to further expose it to promote the social development of this developing country.
 
 
 \newpage
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ You have started consultancy work on a project to develop a sophisticated monito
 
 \subsubsection{The Concept of Privacy}
 
-The concept of privacy is generally explained as the control of personal information. People need privacy because people tend to feel unsafe and un certain when their personal information is exposed. Correspondingly, there are law and moral that regular people to respect and protect each other's privacy. Nevertheless, there are cases that protecting privacy becomes harmful for individuals. For example, a person die for lack of blood because people do not known his blood type which is private. Thus, it is considered that, in vital cases, the rule of protecting privacy can be broken if we commit the principle to save life first.
+The concept of privacy is generally explained as the control of personal information. People need privacy because people tend to feel unsafe and uncertain when their personal information is exposed. Correspondingly, there are law and moral to regular people to respect and protect each other's privacy. Nevertheless, there are cases that protecting privacy becomes harmful for individuals. For example, a person die for lack of blood because people do not known his blood type which is regarded as privacy. Thus, it is considered that, in vital cases, the rule of protecting privacy can be broken if we commit the principle to save life first.
 
 \subsubsection{Possibility of Better Explain to Clients}
 
-The purpose of designing this surveillance system is to serve elder people. However, some infirm people do not have the mental ability to understand the content of the system. As a consequence, these people may need the help of professional person such as a psychological counselor comprehend the service terms. Besides, the psychology and mental state of client can also be considered in the design of the system. This gives the design of the system big challenge to let users calm down and get along well with them.
+The purpose of designing this surveillance system is to serve elder people. However, some infirm people do not have the mental ability to understand the content of the service. As a consequence, these people may need the help of professional person such as a psychological counselor comprehend the service terms. Besides, the psychology and mental state of client should also be considered in the design process of the system. This gives the designer big challenges that let users calm down and make the system get along well with them.
 
 
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The purpose of designing this surveillance system is to serve elder people. Howe
 \subsection{Recommendation}
 
 
-It is suggested that, firstly, try to find a better way to help the elderly people to understand the product. Possibly, cooperating with a psychological counseling company. Secondly, outline the security of user privacy. Which means that, keep the technical workers away from the real personal private data. Instead, user's private information can only be obtained by user-authorised people. Thirdly, make full advantages of less sensitive sensor and design the system to achieve the same goal with as few sensitive information as possible. For example, if we can use PIR sensors to achieve the goal to capture people's motion, then we never use cameras. Fourthly, try to design the user interface more user-friendly and give the clients the feeling of relief. Fifthly, work on improving the system reliability. Try to make the system always as expected and cultivate users to regards it just like air and water. Therefore, the client can get used to it and not even notice it any more, rather than the privacy issue.
+It is suggested that, firstly, try to find a better way to help the elderly people to understand the product. Possibly, cooperating with a psychological counseling solution provider. Secondly, outline the security of user privacy. Which means that, keep the technical workers away from the real personal private data. Instead, user's private information can only be accessed by user-authorised people. Thirdly, make full advantages of less sensitive sensors and design the system to achieve the same goal with as few sensitive information as possible. For example, if we can use PIR sensors to achieve the goal to capture people's motion, then we never use cameras. Fourthly, try to design the user interface more user-friendly and give the clients the feeling of relief. Fifthly, work on improving system reliability. Try to make the system always run as expected thus cultivate users to regards it just like air and water. Therefore, the client can get used to it and not even notice it any more, not to mention the privacy issue.
 
 
 

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ethic/reportB/ex_report.out

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+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1}{Scenario}{}% 1
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2}{Dilemma}{}% 2
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3}{What Could Be Done?}{}% 3
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4}{Discussion}{}% 4
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5}{Recommendation}{}% 5

ethic/reportB/ex_report.tex

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+\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{graphicx, fullpage, hyperref, listings}
+\usepackage{appendix, pdfpages, color}
+
+\usepackage{tocloft}            % This squashes the Table of Contents a bit
+\setlength\cftbeforesecskip{3pt}
+
+\definecolor{MyLightYellow}{cmyk}{0,0.,0.2,0}
+
+\setlength{\parskip}{4pt}        % sets spacing between paragraphs
+\interfootnotelinepenalty=500    % this prevents footnotes breaking across pages
+
+\title{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{UnivCrest}
+        \\Ethics B}          % <<<<<<<<< change the title as appropriate
+\author{%\textcolor{red}{Student ID 200123456 (Group 999)}                % <<<<<<<<< your ID and group number
+        \\  \textcolor{red}{ELEC273}\footnote{\textcolor{red}{IMPORTANT: In a standard technical report, you would need to include here your personal details as the author of the document. However, remember that marking of coursework is anonymous and therefore you should remove this part before submitting your report for Year 2 labs! Do not include your name, student ID, email address or any other personal information.}}}                                    % <<<<<<<<< module code
+\date{\tiny{\today}}
+
+\begin{document}
+\begin{titlepage}
+\maketitle
+\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\thispagestyle{empty}} % because we don't want a page number on the title page
+                                                   % Thanks to Huang Shanyue for suggesting this
+
+
+\fbox{
+\begin{minipage}{0.9\linewidth} \footnotesize
+\begin{center} \textbf{Declaration} \end{center}
+I confirm that I have read and understood the University's definitions of plagiarism and collusion from the Code of Practice on Assessment. I confirm that I have neither committed plagiarism in the completion of this work nor have I colluded with ant other party in the preparation and production of this work. The work presented here is my own and in my own words except where I have clearly indicated and acknowledged that I have quoted or used figures from published or unpublished sources (including the web). I understand the consequences of engaging in plagiarism and collusion as described in the Code of Practice on Assessment (Appendix L).
+\end{minipage}
+}
+
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\tableofcontents
+\end{titlepage}
+
+
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{Scenario}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+You are the member of a team responsible for the regular maintenance of a fleet of 10 aircraft for a small airline. Recently, a jet has caught fire and crashed over the North Sea and your team is charged with examining the wreckage to see if any malfunction occurred. They quickly identify that the crash was due to the failure of a pump casing; in particular, studs that attach the pump casing had failed. You put these findings into a report which you pass on to your superior.
+
+Three days later a memo is circulated by Head Office instructing all maintenance teams to replace all pump casing studs on every jet of this kind in the fleet. Replacement studs are delivered to the workshops with instructions that this job is to be undertaken as a matter of urgency, with crews working over the weekend to ensure its swift completion.
+
+You examine the new studs that are to be put in all aircraft. You come to the conclusion that they are of poor quality: the studs have cut threads where the old studs had rolled threads (rolled threads have a better fatigue resistance). You are not convinced that the replacement studs have the physical capacity to keep the pump casings on securely and believe that this may lead to further accidents.
+
+However, the order to replace the studs has come from ‘on high’, and under normal circumstances you would be under an obligation to obey such an order. You are hoping for promotion in the next 6 months and do not want to be marked out as a troublemaker.
+
+
+\section{Dilemma}
+
+You work on the regular maintenance of 10 airplanes for a small airline. You are given orders to replace all the pump casing studs on the aircraft swiftly. If you can finished this task as ordered, you are expected to promote in the next 6 months. However, as you had participated the investigation of a recent wreckage, you believe that the orders from the superiors can cause more risk of aircraft crash as it applied a poorer quality of studs. You want to just follow the orders and wait for promotion but you also want to report this information to your superior because of your honesty, integrity and respect for life.
+
+\section{What Could Be Done?}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Just follow the orders from the superior.
+\item Inform the superior your worries concerning the risk of studs replacement and provide him the relevant information you have. If your superior is not willing to accept you for no reason, try to reflect this to the boss of your company directly.
+\item You can find media for help so that your company will pay special attention to the risk and protect the life and public good.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+
+
+\section{Discussion}
+
+For the first option, which is just follow the order from the superior, there are mainly three reasons for doing this. Firstly, my conclusion that changing stubs can increase the risk of crash might be wrong. As in the investigation, all information I found had been reported to the superior, and the superior finally decided to change all the problem stubs on all aircraft. I had done my work perfectly and I don't known whether the superior have other consideration. Furthermore, if I work just following the orders and perform like an obedient employee, I can get promoted soon.
+
+However, if I choose the first option, more worse things can be caused. Firstly, as the final report of the crash was submitted by me, it can be suggested that perhaps I am the most knowledgeable person in this accident and I have duty to make it clear why the superior decides to change the stubs to a poor-quality one. Is this because that I did not explain the accident reason clearly in the accident report? Or is this because that the superior did not have enough professional knowledge on this? This must be figured out because that if this order really done by mistake, customers' life and good might be harmed and I would be suspected since the last similar crash investigation was leaded by me and this time there is another crash for the same reason. From this it can be indicated that just follow the orders do not always good for promotion, instead, it could destroy my career.
+
+If I choose the second option, which is to inform the superior your concerns, I will feel comfortable in my heart because I do not obey honest and integrity. Because of your action, many people's life are saved and your responsibility for investigating the last aircraft crash is achieved. Besides, if you warning your superior properly and quickly, and pointed out the big risk of the next crash with your professional explanation, it seems that your superior will not regard you as a trouble maker, but a responsible engineer as the wrong decision was made by him, not you. Your action can also save a great amount of money as there might be some stubs that not being delivered.
+
+Nevertheless, it is also possible that the superior not willing to accept your suggestion. Except that he or her refused you because your worry comes from your lack of professional knowledge, and the new stubs will not improve the risk of crash, but decrease it. Otherwise, it is suggested that the top leaders such as the boss might need to be informed to know the details as these kind of leaders always more care about the company image from the public instead of the little extra cost of changing stubs. Besides, other uncertainty also exist such as that the feedback management in your company is poor and the process of reporting your concerns is very complex and may take a long time. Apart from these, your if you decide to choose the option two, your career will become more uncertain no matter the result is good or bad.
+
+If you are tired with your company or you find that the second option is not effective and you want to fulfill your responsibility, the third option that communicating with media is suggested. The advantage of the option is that after the exposure of this issues in the airline industry, public and government may urge the industry to take action to prefect the management thus reduce the occurrence of similar accident. 
+
+Notwithstanding, this external measurement will certainly harm your company's reputation and profit. And if your company is small, this behavior can actually destroy your company. Even if your company can survive from this public relations crisis, you will certainly lose the trust of your company and most of your colleagues. Inevitably, when you want to find a new engineer job from other companies, these companies are more likely to refuse you as they may think that you will not respect them because of what you have done on your last employer.
+
+\section{Recommendation}
+
+From the discussion section, it is suggested that the option two, which is to report your concerns to your superiors and solve this problem in your company is the most suggested options. Although this might give rise to more uncertain to your career, this option will help you fulfill your social responsibility and let you feel comfortable in your heart. Deferent from option 2, option 1 and 3 will harm your reputation to different extent and in different dimensions. If you follow option 1, when there is another air crash because of the same reason as the former one, you as the leader of the last investigation will certainly be suspected. As for option 3, if you want to try the media method, even if this way seems to be the most effective one from the perspective of avoid accident, you will create enemies for yourself in your company and industry. And this environment will effectively affect your career.
+
+As for the principles used in discussion and the mode of thinking, the item of `respect life, law and the public good` is the most important one in this case. The reason that I decided to not just follow the order from the superior is that I want to save live and protect public good. If I do not god so, I may feel uncomfortable. The second principle is the `honesty and integrity`. This point is performed in the action that I respect the reputation of my employer. If I can figure out a way to correct the company's action effectively, the method of utilizing media will not be considered. Thirdly, the principle of `accuracy and rigour` can be indicated from the double check of your investigation data and conclusion.
+ 
+
+
+
+% --------------------------- This is how to declare the Appendices section ----------------------------
+\newpage
+
+
+\end{document}

ethic/reportB/ex_report.toc

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+\thispagestyle {empty}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Scenario}{1}{section.1}% 
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Dilemma}{1}{section.2}% 
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}What Could Be Done?}{1}{section.3}% 
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Discussion}{1}{section.4}% 
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Recommendation}{3}{section.5}%